The planned Mercury Treatment Facility at the Y-12 National Security Complex in Oak Ridge. (Image courtesy UCOR/U.S. Department of Energy Oak Ridge Office of Environmental Management)
A groundbreaking has been scheduled for Monday morning for the Mercury Treatment Facility at the Y-12 National Security Complex.
Y-12 operations have historically used large amounts of mercury, and many of the buildings, now in varying states of deterioration, have mercury contamination, a media advisory said.
“The treatment facility will lower existing mercury levels from past releases and will serve as a guard against a potential increase in releases as mercury-contaminated buildings are demolished,” the media advisory said.
Deputy Energy Secretary Dan Brouillette will attend the groundbreaking, which is at Y-12 and not open to the public. U.S. Senator Lamar Alexander and U.S. Representative Chuck Fleischmann, both Tennessee Republicans, will also attend the groundbreaking, the media advisory said.
The groundbreaking is being presented by the U.S. Department of Energy and URS|CH2M Oak Ridge LLC, or UCOR, DOE’s cleanup contractor at federal sites in Oak Ridge.
UCOR announced in September that it had awarded a $1.4 million contract to GEM Technologies of Knoxville for early site preparation activities for the Mercury Treatment Facility at Y-12, and the work could start in November.
Under the contract, GEM Technologies will perform limited demolition of existing abandoned utilities and the extension of new utilities—including electrical power, water, sewer, and storm drains—to the treatment facility sites, an earlier press release said.
The work included in the contract is expected to begin by November 30 with completion planned for fall 2018. Early site preparation reduces risks by identifying and addressing potential site unknowns at an early stage of construction, the earlier press release said.
The construction of the Mercury Treatment Facility itself is scheduled to start under a separate contract in late 2018.
Mercury remediation remains one of the highest cleanup priorities at Y-12 for the U.S. Department of Energy’s Environmental Management program. Y-12 used mercury to separate lithium isotopes during the Cold War. A significant amount of that material migrated into the environment.
The new facility is expected to dramatically reduce mercury concentrations in the water exiting Y-12, and it will be operational prior to large-scale demolition on the west end of the site that may disrupt mercury in the area.
DOE’s Oak Ridge Office of Environmental Management, or OREM, expects to complete demolition and cleanup work at the East Tennessee Technology Park, the former K-25 site, in 2020. It will then focus on the large-scale demolition work at Y-12.
Among the Y-12 buildings that could be demolished are Alpha 4, Alpha 5, and Beta 4, all large buildings where mercury, a toxic metal, was once used. The buildings used mercury to separate lithium for nuclear weapons. The lithium separation operations started in 1955 and ended in 1963.
The headworks for the planned Mercury Treatment Facility at the Y-12 National Security Complex in Oak Ridge. (Image courtesy UCOR/U.S. Department of Energy Oak Ridge Office of Environmental Management)
But before that cleanup work can begin, OREM needs the Mercury Treatment Facility. The plant was first announced at a press conference featuring Alexander more than four years ago, in May 2013.
In April, Jay Mullis, manager of the Oak Ridge Office of Environmental Management, said large-scale construction on the treatment plant could start in 2018, and it could begin operating in 2022. A video posted online by the DOE Oak Ridge Office said the plant is expected to reduce the mercury concentration in water leaving Y-12 through Upper East Fork Poplar Creek by 84 percent.
The Mercury Treatment Facility will have two parts. One is known as the Headworks Facility. It will be at Outfall 200 at Y-12. That’s where mercury contamination that originates in the West End Mercury Area at Y-12 enters Upper East Fork Poplar Creek after flowing through storm drains. It’s roughly in the middle of Y-12, looking from east to west, and on the south side of Y-12’s main production area.
The second part of the new plant, the Mercury Treatment Facility itself, will be on the east end of Y-12.
Mercury migrating from the mercury-contaminated area on the west end of Y-12 will enter the headworks facility at Outfall 200 and flow through piping to the Mercury Treatment Facility, where it will be treated. The treated water will then be fed into Upper East Fork Poplar Creek, which flows north out of Y-12 into central Oak Ridge.
Once the plant begins operating, OREM can start removing the large contaminated buildings at Y-12 and address the mercury in the soil and groundwater beneath, DOE has said.
Officials said the mercury travels from west to east at Y-12, and the new plant will allow a large percentage of mercury to be captured before it travels off the site and into the environment.
The precise cost of the plant isn’t clear, but preliminary estimates have said it could range from $150 million to $300 million, Mullis said in April. The estimate could be refined later.
The budget request submitted to Congress by President Donald Trump in May would include $17 million in the budget for fiscal year 2018, which started October 1, for the Mercury Treatment Facility. That funding request would be enough to finish the design of the Mercury Treatment Facility and start construction, according to the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Environmental Management, or EM.
The U.S. Senate’s energy and water appropriations bill recommended $17.1 million for the Outfall 200 Mercury Treatment Facility in fiscal year 2018.
“Remediation of mercury contamination at the Oak Ridge Reservation is an important precursor to full site remediation,” the Senate said in a report accompanying its legislation (see page 102 here). “Reducing the mercury being released into the East Fork of Poplar Creek continues to be a high priority for the Environmental Management program.
The U.S. House of Representatives also included $17 million for the project in its energy and water appropriations bill (see page 111 here), although so far, no final spending bill has been announced.
The Mercury Treatment Facility is one part of the next major phase of cleanup at the three federal sites in Oak Ridge that were built to help build atomic weapons during World War II as part of the top-secret Manhattan Project. The three sites—K-25 (now ETTP or Heritage Center), Y-12, and X-10 (now Oak Ridge National Laboratory)—had other missions after the war as well, although the K-25 site was shut down about three decades ago and it is slowly being converted into an industrial park.
In the video posted online earlier this year, the DOE Oak Ridge Office said the need for the Mercury Treatment Facility at Y-12 dates back to the nuclear weapons work at Y-12 in the 1950s and 1960s, when the plant used more than 20 million pounds of mercury. During that time, about 700,000 pounds of mercury were lost into buildings, soil, groundwater, and sediment.
When the soils and buildings have been disturbed in the past, they’ve released mercury, Mullis said during an April 12 annual community budget workshop.
The new Mercury Treatment Facility will help capture mercury that migrates from the buildings and soil when major demolition starts at Y-12. The treatment facility will also help DOE meet regulatory limits, DOE said in the online video.
The plant is being designed to treat up to 3,000 gallons per minute. It will also have a two-million-gallon storage tank for stormwater. A modular design will allow future modifications for more stormwater storage or operations that could allow more mercury reductions.
More information will be added as it becomes available.
The Headworks Facility that will be at Outfall 200 as part of the Mercury Treatment Facility that could start operating at the Y-12 National Security Complex in 2022. (Image by David Brown/U.S. Department of Energy)
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